tugas 2 kelompok F

Nama Kelompok :  Dewi Aningsih (21110896)

                                Nur Mawardi Juli Kemis (25110136)

                                Huda Anggit Prastowo (23110330)

                                Danu Jati Sahputra

Kelompok            : F

Kelas                    : 4 KB04

SECTION 2

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Part 1

1.     I understand that the governor is considering a new proposal _____________

that would eliminate unnecessary paperwork in government

Reason : because the sentence is true he more precise placement

2.     The doctor told his receptionist that he would return ___________________________

as soon as possible

Reason : because from 3 to answer at the beginning of the sentence includes the word at and early improper in the use of time

3.      George belongs to the _______________________________

upper middle class

Reason : because george want to gain knowledge and want to continue to the next level

4.      A good student must know______________________________________

how to study effectively

Reason : because as should students learn effectively

5.      Jane changed her major from French to business ______________

hoping to find a job more easily.

Reason : because because Jane wanted expects job up according to his ability

6.      He has received several scholarships ______________________

because of his academic and the artistic ability

Reason : because this response includes all the capabilities in the can and get scholarships

7.      Harvey will wash the clothes, _________________________

iron the shirts, prepare the meal, and dust the furniture

Reason : because

8.      _______________ that new information to anyone else but the sergeant

They asked him not to give

9.      ____________________, he would have signed his name in the corner.

If he had painted that picture

10.  The doctor insisted that his patient _____________________

take it easy for three months

11.  The manager was angry because somebody ____________________

had allowed the photographers to enter the building

12.  Richard was asked to withdraw from graduate school because ______

he was deemed incapable of completing his research

13.  The committee members resented ______________________

the president's not informing them of the meeting

Reason : because of this the answer to 4 refers to the correct answer

14.  ________________________ did Arthur realize that there was danger.

Only after entering the store

15.  The rabbit scurried away in fright _____________________

when it heard the movement in the bushes

Reason : because of the placement of the selected word on the exact answer in the form of vocabulary

Part B

16.Neither of THE GIRLS HAVE turned in the term papers to THE instructor YET.

Reason : because “have: should replaced with “had”

17.After  STUDYING all THE new materials, the student WAS ABLE to RISE his test score by twenty-five points.

Reason : because we shall replaced “rise” with “rised” because past tense

18. The book THAT you  SEE  LAYING on the table BELONGS to the teacher.

19.I suggest  THAT he  GOES to  THE DOCTOR as soon as he returns from taking THE EXAM.

20. She is LOOKING forward  TO GO Europe after she FINISHES her studies AT THE university.

Reason : I think we should remove ”to” from “to go” because no necessary

21. They said THAT the man JUMPED off OF the bridge and plunged into the FREEZING WATER.

Reason : “of” should replaced with “from”

22. Mr.Anderson used to JOGGING in the CRISP morning air DURING the WINTER months, but now he has stopped.

Reason : in this line the word “jogging” should be replaced with “jogged”

23. The VOLUME four of OUR encyclopedia set HAS BEEN MISSING FOR two months.

Reason : “the volume” we can remove “the” because no need

24. I do not know where COULD he HAVE GONE so EARLY in THE morning.

Reason : replaced “could” with “should“

25. The people tried of DEFENDING THEIR village, but they were finally FORCED to RETREAT.

Reason :Because e the passive voice

26. The professor was CONSIDERING POSTPONING the examination until the FOLLOWING week BECAUSE the student's confusion.

Reason : because sentence completion

27.  HAVING lost the election, the presidential candidate intends SUPPORTING the opposition DESPITE the OBJECTIONS of his stall.

Reason : because sentence explanation

28. The congressman, accompanied BY secret service agents and aides,  ARE preparing to ENTER the convention hall within THE next few minutes.

Reason : because equation sentences

29.  BECAUSE the TORRENTIAL rains that had DEVASTATED the area, the governor sent the National Guard to ASSIST in the clean-up operation.

Reason : because active voice

30. Lack of SANITATION in restaurants ARE a major CAUSE of disease in some areas of the country.

Reason : because passive voice

31. Had the COMMITTEE members considered the alternatives more CAREFULLY, they would have realized that the SECOND was better as THE first.

Reason : because change the wrong word

32. Malnutrition is a MAJOR cause of death in those COUNTRIES where the cultivation of rice HAVE been impeded by RECURRENT drought.

Reason : because complete the sentences

33. The decision to WITHDRAW all SUPPORT from the activities of the athletes are CAUSING an uproar AMONG the athlete's fans.

Reason : because active voice

34. Underutilized species of fish HAS BEEN proposed AS a solution to the FAMINE IN MANY underdeveloped countries.

Reason : because active voice

35.  BECAUSE the residents had WORKED so DILIGENT to RENOVATE the old building, the manager had a party.

Reason : because active voice

36. John's wisdom teeth were TROUBLING him, so he went to a dental surgeon TO SEE about having THEM PULL.

Reason : because passive voice

37.  HARDLY he had entered the OFFICE when he realized that HE had FORGOTTEN his wallet.

Reason : because sentence completion

38. Suzy HAD better to CHANGE her study habits if she HOPES TO BE admitted TO A GOOD UNIVERSITY,

Reason : because replace the word

39. The teacher TOLD the students to DON'T DISCUSS the take-home exam with EACH other.

Reason : because word perfect

40. Some bacteria are EXTREMELY harmful, but ANOTHERS are REGULARLY used in producing cheeses, crackers, and many OTHER foods.

Reason : because word perfect

GERUND TO INFINITIVES

GERUND

Gerund is a word formed from the verb with the added suffix (suffix)-ing and functions as a noun (a noun). Because gerund functioning as a noun, then there should be a verb in a sentence. As a noun, gerund can occupy the position as subject, direct object, subject complement, object of preposition, or appositive in a sentence.

Examples of functions and Gerund
1. Using Gerund as subject
    If Gerund as Subject , then Gerund may stand alone or form a phrase .

2. Using Gerund as object
    There are two possibilities if Gerund used as an Object , the Object of Preposition    (Word Object Front ) and the Object of Verb ( Object Verb ) .

   Using Gerund as Object of Preposition ( Object preposition )
   - Formula : Preposition + Gerund ( Verb + Ing )

   Using Gerund as Object of Verb ( Object Verb )

   - Formula : VERB + Gerund ( Verb + Ing )

3. Gerund as a compound ( Compound Noun ) which means the tool
4. Gerund is used to create a short ban or warning

 INFINITIVES

The meaning of the infinitive is "to + verb1". For example: to run, to play, to sleep, to study, to do, to clean, to grow, to kick, to smoke, ect.
Infinitives are generally used as the object of the sentence. In addition, infinitives are also sometimes used as the subject of the sentence.

A. Infinitives as Subjects
   As a subject of the sentence, the infinitive is generally in the form of the infinitive clause.

B. Infinitives as Objects
   If the verb followed by another verb, the verb that follows serves as the object of the sentence. Verbs that can be shaped to follow the infinitive or the gerund form can also, depending on the verbs that follow.

Example The Question:

1.My father’s favourite sport is .... football.
  a.Playing*
  b.Played
  c.Player

2.He enjoy ..... novel.
  a.Reading*
  b.Read
  c.Must be read

3.I finish ..... letter.
  a.Writing*
  b.Writen
  c.Write

4.... foreign languages is hard work.
  a.Learning*
  b.Was learn
  c.Learn

5.The land is good for ...
  a.Farming*
  b.Farmer
  c.Farmed

6.Her hobby is .... story.
  a.Telling*
  b.Tell
  c.To tell

7.I watched two lions ... in the grass in South Africa.
  a.Sleeping*
  b.Sleep
  c.To sleep

8.... is hobby.
  a.Swimming*
  b.The swimming
  c.To swimming

9.... may be hard for some people.
  a.Running*
  b.Run
  c.The run is

10.Everyone hates ....
   a.Waiting*
   b.Wait
   c.To wait

11.We are busy .... the school report.
   a.Finishing*
   b.Finish
   c.To finish

12.He prefers .... badminton to football.
   a.playing*
   b.played
   c.play

13.Before watching TV, they have ... their task.
   a.to finish*
   b.finish
   c.finished

14.The teacher asked me .... the whiteboard.
   a.to clean*
   b.the cleaned
   c.cleaner

15.Anita was sad .... that terrible news.
   a.to hear*
   b.hear
   c.hearing

16.We need water ....
   a.to drink*
   b.a drink
   c.drinking

17.I was invited to come ....
   a.to party*
   b.a party
   c.the party

18.Nancy stop ....
   a.to read*
   b.reading
   c.a read

19.Everybody has agreed ... again next week.
   a.to meet*
   b.meet
   c.the meet

20.I was pretending .... hard when my mom entered my room last     night.
   a.to study*
   b.studing
   c.for study

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SENSOR SUHU IC LM335

            IC LM335 adalah salah satu sensor untuk mengukur suhu. IC LM335 digunakan untuk mengubah besaran suhu menjadi besaran listrik. IC sensor LM335 ini mempunyai bentuk fisik seperti transistor mempunyai tiga buah kaki, kaki pertama duhubung ke sumber daya, kaki kedua sebagai output dan kaki ketiga terhubung ke ground.  Isinya berupa zener yang peka (sensitive) pada temperature. IC LM335 merupakan tranduser yang dikemas dalam bentuk rangkaian terintegrasi yang tegangan keluarnya berbanding linier terhadap perubahan temperatur, jadi apabila suhu lingkungan rendah maka tegangan yang keluar dari IC tersebut adalah rendah. Demikian juga sebaliknya apabila suhu yang disekitar IC tinggi, maka tegangan yang dihasilkan dari keluaran IC tersebut adalah besar. Dengan kata lain perubahan tegangan yang dihasilkan tranduser IC LM335 sesuai dengan perubahan temperaturnya. Karena sensor ini dapat mensuplai, maka sensor bekerja sebagai penyetabil tegangan yang besarnya sesuai dengan temperature terukur. IC sensor ini mengubah temperature menjadi tegangan listrik sesuai dengan kenaikan 10 mV/ derajat celcius. Untuk mengkalibrasikan sensor ini maka tahanan variable harus diatur agar tegangan keluar sebesar 2980mV sehingga setara dengan 25 derajat celcius. Besaran analog yang dihasilkan oleh sensor suhu ini mempunyai resistansi 10mV untuk setiap kenaikan 1 derajat celcius. Keuntungan dari IC LM335 adalah mempunyai sensor temperatur yang linier kalibrasinya langsung dalam celcius, sehingga tidak diperlukan tegangan konstan yang besar dari keluaran skala celcius. Sensor ini bekerja untuk mengirimkan sebuah sinyal tegangan yang sesuai  dengan keadaan suhu yang dipantau dan diterima oleh pemproses. LM335 bekerja pada batas ukur -40 derajat celcius sampai 100 derajat celcius.

Spesifikasi sensor LM335 ini adalah

• Dapat dikalibrasi langsung ke dalam besaran celcius.
• Impedansi rendah (kurang dari 1 ohm impedansi dinamis)
• Tegangan pada 25 derajat celcius adalah 2980mV
• Kenaikan suhu per derajat menambah tegangan 10 mV dan sebaliknya
• Daerah ukur  -40 derajat celcius sampai dengan 100 derajat celcius
• Arus bias 0,4 sampai dengan 5mA.

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Inferensi Pohon (Tree)

            Tree adalah salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk membuat suatu permodelan. Secara sederhana pohon dapat didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan elemen yang salah satu elemennya disebut dengan akar (root), dan sisa elemen yang lain (yang disebut simpul) terpecah menjadi sejumlah himpunan yang saling tidak berhubungan satu sama lain, yang disebut dengan subpohon (subtree), atau juga disebut dengan cabang. Jika dilihat pada setiap subpohon, maka subpohon ini pun mempunyai akar dan subpohonnya masing-masing. Dengan demikian pohon ini merupakan salah satu contoh dari bentuk rekursif.

AND-OR TREE dan GOALS

Untuk menemukan solusi problem dapat menggunakan rangkaian backward yaitu dengan tree AND-OR dan AND-OR-NOT.

-  Banyak tipe sistem pakar menggunakan Backward Chaining untuk mendapatkan solusi dari permasalahan.

-  Salah satu tipe dari tree atau lattice yang digunakan dalam masalah representasi backward chaining adalah     pohon AND-OR.

Backward chaining

•   Disebut juga goal-driven

•  Pilih konklusi dan coba buktikan kebenarannya dengan menganalisa evidence / premis yang mendukung konklusi tersebut berdasarkan fakta yang diberikan

•   Memudahkan pencarian depth first, tree yang baik untuk depth first adalah yang menyempit dan dalam

          

Pengkodean yang diperoleh saat knowledge acquisition

•        A1 = suhu tubuh >= 38°C

•        A2 = pusing

•        A3 = pilek

•        A4 = batuk

•        A5 = batuk yang terus menerus dimalam hari

•        A6 = nafas berbunyi

•        P1 = demam biasa

•        P2 = batuk biasa

•        P3 = influensa/infeksi virus

•        P4 = batuk rejan

•        P5 = infeksi saluran nafas

Rule yang ada pada knowledge base

•        R1 : IF A1 THEN P1

•        R2 : IF A4 THEN P2

•        R3 : IF (P1 or A2) and (P2 or A3) THEN P3

•        R4 : IF P3 and A5 THEN P4

•        R5 : IF P3 and A6 THEN P5

•        Fakta-fakta yang diperoleh dari user adalah demam, pusing, batuk dan batuk tersebut lebih sering di malam hari (A1, A2, A4, A5 -> benar

Tree untuk rule tersebut

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Pintu Otomatis

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Order letter and Complaint Letter

ORDER LETTER
Sub Highlights:

1 . understanding Functions
2 . Letters sections
3 . Letter forms :
a. Full Block Style
b . Block Style
c . Semi Block Style
d . Indenteed Style
e . Hanging Paragraph Style
f . Official Old Style
g . New Official Style

Material Description :

1 . understanding Functions
People regard the letter as a messenger or " ambassador " of the organization / institution mailer . The letter is seen as an image , a mirror mentality , psyche , as well as instructions internal condition of the organization concerned . Therefore pengonsep letter and the stylist office administration must be careful and serious about writing a letter , so as not to cause a bad impression over the organization .

In addition to the above properties , an official letter as a communication tool has the function , as :
a. Authentic written proof of such an agreement .
b . A reminder / thinking when necessary , for example, a letter that has been archived .
c . Historical documentation , such as letters in the old archives exhumed to know the progress of the past .
d . Security guarantees , eg certificate path .
e . Guidelines or basic act , for example, decree , writ , letters of appointment , and so on .

2 . Letters sections
Each letter has the parts and each part is it has a certain usefulness . Placement or location of the parts of a letter depends on the form of letters used . In an official letter ( business ) , parts thereof , are as follows :
a. Masthead ( header ) .
b . Number of letters ( verbal numbers ) .
c . Date , month , year letter .
d . Appendix .
e . Or subject matter .
f . Mailing address ( the address in ) .
g . Greeting ( salutasi ) .
h . The contents of the letter ( the letter body ) .
i . Regards cover .
j . Name of organization / company .
k . Name and signature bright person in charge of the letter .
l . Copies .
m . Initials / foot letters .

3 . Forms of Letters
Before discussing the various forms of letters , it's good to first know what the shape of the letter . The meaning is the form letter layout or position parts of a letter . Each part has a specific position it in accordance with their functions and roles , especially as a guide or identification to process the letter . There are various forms of letter , which differ from each other according to the customs agency usage or style of a particular society .

Basically the only two forms of letters that can be distinguished sharply , whereas other forms simply variations which is a modification of the two main forms .

Both the main form is a straight shape or form block ( block style ) and the form of curves or jagged shapes ( indenteed style ) . While variants that stands between them is the shape or form of a half straight half- beam ( semi- block style ) .

In addition there is a full straight shape (full block style ) , and the official letter form / (official style) .

The forms of the letter actually is a model / shape European and American letters . Form of curves ( indenteed style) is the European model of long , straight shape ( block style ) is an American model , being half straight shape ( semi- block style ) is a new European model .

Description form letter :
a. The letterhead ( letterhead ) .
b . Number of letters .
c . Dated .
d . Destination address .
e . Or subject matter .
f . Greeting .
g . Letter opener .
h . The contents of the letter .
i . Cover letter .
j . Regards cover .
k . Name of the company .
l . Name of signatory letter .
m . Function name .
n . Appendix .
o . Cc = tindisan .
p . Abbreviations name = initials

ORDER LETTER SAMPLE

Artzimart
Bogor, Indonesia
January 5, 2013

Ms. Amelia
Cahya Company, Inc.
424 Park Bintang
Indonesia

Dear Ms. Amelia :

Thank you for sending your catalog so promptly. It arrived within a few days of my request. Please send me the following items by parcel post :

1 copy Emmet and Mullen,
High School INFOKOM @ $7.50 $ 7.50
30 copies Pinehurst,
Plane Geometry @ $8.75 $ 218.75
Total $ 300.25
I am enclosing a money order for 300.25. If there are additional charges, please let me know.
Please mail the books to the address given above.

Very truly yours,


Nur Mawardi


Complaint Letter

Complaint letter is a letter of notification from the customer / buyer to the seller, because the goods are not received in accordance with the order. The complaint was made because of the amount / quality of goods are not suitable, damage, delays, or pengingkarang the agreement.

To prepare the complaint, should pay attention to the following matters:
1.  Connect with number and date of order.

2. Disclose the polite language even if you are not satisfied.

3. Indicate the type and quantity of goods that you stir.

4. Explain the causes or reasons logically about the complaint with tangible evidence.

5. Explain the resolution of the complaints that you do not want to harm both parties.

To facilitate the complaint , it will be explained how the procedure to be able to complain and how the processes and mechanisms for handling .

     First , the way to do is to complain by phone , mail or direct dating . Complaints by telephone categorized into two:
just ask for the information or advice ( advice) , it is sufficient to answer the phone anyway and given orally advices at the time and finished
    Complaint for further action. If a consumer asks actionable complaint , the caller is required to send a written complaint letter containing :

1. chronological events experienced the detriment of consumers
2. must include the identity and address of the consumer complete
3. include a copy of the evidence or other supporting documents ( purchase receipt , warranty card , letter of agreement , etc. )

Do consumers have ever had a complaint to entrepreneurs . If you have not, then consumers are encouraged to make complaints in writing to the entrepreneurs first.

Embed the demands of the consumer complaints

    Second , after the incoming mail , the receptionist registers all incoming letters as a whole (register first ) . Furthermore, the letter given to the Executive Board at least three , namely (a) followed / not followed up (b) instead of consumer disputes (c) is not a priority . Letters in the Field of Consumer Complaints disposisikan to do Special II as the data registers complaint .

    Third , after a letter to the personnel who handle the administration of the selection made ​​here in the form of administrative completeness .

COMPLAINT LETTER SAMPLE

56 Disgruntled Street
Somewhere Unhappy
1AM MAD

Customer Service Manager
That Awful Company
Somewhere Awful
UR BAD

June 15, 2008

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing today to complain of the poor service I received from your company on June 12, 2008. I was visited by a representative of That Awful Company, Mr. Madman, at my home on that day.

Mr. Madman was one hour late for his appointment and offered nothing by way of apology when he arrived at noon. Your representative did not remove his muddy shoes upon entering my house, and consequently left a trail of dirt in the hallway. Mr. Madman then proceeded to present a range of products to me that I had specifically told his assistant by telephone I was not interested in. I repeatedly tried to ask your representative about the products that were of interest to me, but he refused to deal with my questions. We ended our meeting after 25 minutes without either of us having accomplished anything.

I am most annoyed that I wasted a morning (and half a day's vacation) waiting for Mr. Madman to show up. My impression of That Awful Company has been tarnished, and I am now concerned about how my existing business is being managed by your firm. Furthermore, Mr. Madman's inability to remove his muddy shoes has meant that I have had to engage the services, and incur the expense, of a professional carpet cleaner.

I trust this is not the way That Awful Company wishes to conduct business with valued customers—I have been with you since the company was founded and have never encountered such treatment before. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss matters further and to learn of how you propose to prevent a similar situation from recurring. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

V. Angry

V. Angry

http://eisya-korespondensi.blogspot.com/2010/07/2-korespondensi-bisnis.html

http://www.scribendi.com/advice/example_complaint_letter.en.html 

http://lusibiru.wordpress.com/2011/08/17/surat-niaga/

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Parts of a Memo

1. Heading Segment

The heading segment follows this general format:

TO: (readers' names and job titles)
FROM: (your name and job title)
DATE: (complete and current date)
SUBJECT: (what the memo is about, highlighted in some way)
Make sure you address the reader by his or her correct name and job title. You might call the company president "Maxi" on the golf course or in an informal note, but "Rita Maxwell, President" would be more appropriate for a formal memo. Be specific and concise in your subject line. For example, "Clothes" as a subject line could mean anything from a dress code update to a production issue. Instead use something like, "Fall Clothes Line Promotion."

2. Opening Segment
The purpose of a memo is usually found in the opening paragraph and includes: the purpose of the memo, the context and problem, and the specific assignment or task. Before indulging the reader with details and the context, give the reader a brief overview of what the memo will be about. Choosing how specific your introduction will be depends on your memo plan style. The more direct the memo plan, the more explicit the introduction should be. Including the purpose of the memo will help clarify the reason the audience should read this document. The introduction should be brief, and should be approximately the length of a short paragraph.

3. Context
The context is the event, circumstance, or background of the problem you are solving. You may use a paragraph or a few sentences to establish the background and state the problem. Oftentimes it is sufficient to use the opening of a sentence to completely explain the context, such as,

"Through market research and analysis..."
Include only what your reader needs, but be sure it is clear.

4. Task Segment

One essential portion of a memo is the task statement where you should describe what you are doing to help solve the problem. If the action was requested, your task may be indicated by a sentence opening like,

"You asked that I look at...."
If you want to explain your intentions, you might say,

"To determine the best method of promoting the new fall line, I will...."
Include only as much information as is needed by the decision-makers in the context, but be convincing that a real problem exists. Do not ramble on with insignificant details. If you are having trouble putting the task into words, consider whether you have clarified the situation. You may need to do more planning before you're ready to write your memo. Make sure your purpose-statement forecast divides your subject into the most important topics that the decision-maker needs.

5. Summary Segment

If your memo is longer than a page, you may want to include a separate summary segment. However, this section not necessary for short memos and should not take up a significant amount of space. This segment provides a brief statement of the key recommendations you have reached. These will help your reader understand the key points of the memo immediately. This segment may also include references to methods and sources you have used in your research.

6. Discussion Segments

The discussion segments are the longest portions of the memo, and are the parts in which you include all the details that support your ideas. Begin with the information that is most important. This may mean that you will start with key findings or recommendations. Start with your most general information and move to your specific or supporting facts. (Be sure to use the same format when including details: strongest to weakest.) The discussion segments include the supporting ideas, facts, and research that back up your argument in the memo. Include strong points and evidence to persuade the reader to follow your recommended actions. If this section is inadequate, the memo will not be as effective as it could be.

7. Closing Segment

After the reader has absorbed all of your information, you want to close with a courteous ending that states what action you want your reader to take. Make sure you consider how the reader will benefit from the desired actions and how you can make those actions easier. For example, you might say,

"I will be glad to discuss this recommendation with you during our Tuesday trip to the spa and follow through on any decisions you make."
Necessary Attachments

Make sure you document your findings or provide detailed information whenever necessary. You can do this by attaching lists, graphs, tables, etc. at the end of your memo. Be sure to refer to your attachments in your memo and add a notation about what is attached below your closing, like this:

Attached: Focus Group Results, January- May 2007
Contributors:Courtnay Perkins, Allen Brizee.
Summary:
This handout will help you solve your memo-writing problems by discussing what a memo is, describing the parts of memos, and providing examples and explanations that will make your memos more effective.


https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/590/

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Making a Memo

Inspire Electronics Center
Bogor, Indonesia

Official memo

To: All Employees
From: Nur Mawardi, Manager
Date: June 20st, 2013
Subject: Farewell Ceremony

It is used to tell you all that the farewell ceremony in honor of Amelia Putri, Assistant Manager, will be held at 07:00 PM on June 29, 2013. All people in this company are required to attend the ceremony.

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