GERUND
Gerund is a word formed from the verb with the added suffix (suffix)-ing and functions as a noun (a noun). Because gerund functioning as a noun, then there should be a verb in a sentence. As a noun, gerund can occupy the position as subject, direct object, subject complement, object of preposition, or appositive in a sentence.
Examples of functions and Gerund
1. Using Gerund as subject
If Gerund as Subject , then Gerund may stand alone or form a phrase .
2. Using Gerund as object
There are two possibilities if Gerund used as an Object , the Object of Preposition (Word Object Front ) and the Object of Verb ( Object Verb ) .
Examples of functions and Gerund
1. Using Gerund as subject
If Gerund as Subject , then Gerund may stand alone or form a phrase .
2. Using Gerund as object
There are two possibilities if Gerund used as an Object , the Object of Preposition (Word Object Front ) and the Object of Verb ( Object Verb ) .
Using Gerund as Object of Preposition ( Object preposition )
- Formula : Preposition + Gerund ( Verb + Ing )
Using Gerund as Object of Verb ( Object Verb )
- Formula : VERB + Gerund ( Verb + Ing )
3. Gerund as a compound ( Compound Noun ) which means the tool
4. Gerund is used to create a short ban or warning
INFINITIVES
The meaning of the infinitive is "to + verb1". For example: to run, to play, to sleep, to study, to do, to clean, to grow, to kick, to smoke, ect.
Infinitives are generally used as the object of the sentence. In addition, infinitives are also sometimes used as the subject of the sentence.
A. Infinitives as Subjects
As a subject of the sentence, the infinitive is generally in the form of the infinitive clause.
B. Infinitives as Objects
If the verb followed by another verb, the verb that follows serves as the object of the sentence. Verbs that can be shaped to follow the infinitive or the gerund form can also, depending on the verbs that follow.
Example The Question:
1.My father’s favourite sport is .... football.
a.Playing*
b.Played
c.Player
2.He enjoy ..... novel.
a.Reading*
b.Read
c.Must be read
3.I finish ..... letter.
a.Writing*
b.Writen
c.Write
4.... foreign languages is hard work.
a.Learning*
b.Was learn
c.Learn
5.The land is good for ...
a.Farming*
b.Farmer
c.Farmed
6.Her hobby is .... story.
a.Telling*
b.Tell
c.To tell
7.I watched two lions ... in the grass in South Africa.
a.Sleeping*
b.Sleep
c.To sleep
8.... is hobby.
a.Swimming*
b.The swimming
c.To swimming
9.... may be hard for some people.
a.Running*
b.Run
c.The run is
10.Everyone hates ....
a.Waiting*
b.Wait
c.To wait
11.We are busy .... the school report.
a.Finishing*
b.Finish
c.To finish
12.He prefers .... badminton to football.
a.playing*
b.played
c.play
13.Before watching TV, they have ... their task.
a.to finish*
b.finish
c.finished
14.The teacher asked me .... the whiteboard.
a.to clean*
b.the cleaned
c.cleaner
15.Anita was sad .... that terrible news.
a.to hear*
b.hear
c.hearing
16.We need water ....
a.to drink*
b.a drink
c.drinking
17.I was invited to come ....
a.to party*
b.a party
c.the party
18.Nancy stop ....
a.to read*
b.reading
c.a read
19.Everybody has agreed ... again next week.
a.to meet*
b.meet
c.the meet
20.I was pretending .... hard when my mom entered my room last night.
a.to study*
b.studing
c.for study
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Infinitives are generally used as the object of the sentence. In addition, infinitives are also sometimes used as the subject of the sentence.
A. Infinitives as Subjects
As a subject of the sentence, the infinitive is generally in the form of the infinitive clause.
B. Infinitives as Objects
If the verb followed by another verb, the verb that follows serves as the object of the sentence. Verbs that can be shaped to follow the infinitive or the gerund form can also, depending on the verbs that follow.
Example The Question:
1.My father’s favourite sport is .... football.
a.Playing*
b.Played
c.Player
2.He enjoy ..... novel.
a.Reading*
b.Read
c.Must be read
3.I finish ..... letter.
a.Writing*
b.Writen
c.Write
4.... foreign languages is hard work.
a.Learning*
b.Was learn
c.Learn
5.The land is good for ...
a.Farming*
b.Farmer
c.Farmed
6.Her hobby is .... story.
a.Telling*
b.Tell
c.To tell
7.I watched two lions ... in the grass in South Africa.
a.Sleeping*
b.Sleep
c.To sleep
8.... is hobby.
a.Swimming*
b.The swimming
c.To swimming
9.... may be hard for some people.
a.Running*
b.Run
c.The run is
10.Everyone hates ....
a.Waiting*
b.Wait
c.To wait
11.We are busy .... the school report.
a.Finishing*
b.Finish
c.To finish
12.He prefers .... badminton to football.
a.playing*
b.played
c.play
13.Before watching TV, they have ... their task.
a.to finish*
b.finish
c.finished
14.The teacher asked me .... the whiteboard.
a.to clean*
b.the cleaned
c.cleaner
15.Anita was sad .... that terrible news.
a.to hear*
b.hear
c.hearing
16.We need water ....
a.to drink*
b.a drink
c.drinking
17.I was invited to come ....
a.to party*
b.a party
c.the party
18.Nancy stop ....
a.to read*
b.reading
c.a read
19.Everybody has agreed ... again next week.
a.to meet*
b.meet
c.the meet
20.I was pretending .... hard when my mom entered my room last night.
a.to study*
b.studing
c.for study
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